jackson



(No Model.) Y sheets-sheet 1.

W. M. JACKSON.

Y MARINE PROPULSION. No. 385,182. Patented June 26, 1888.

lll

3 Sheets-Sheet 2,

(No Model.)

W. M. JACKSON.

MARINE PROPULSION.

N. ravens vhmmhnmpnen wumngam mc.

(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3.-

W. M. JACKSON.

MARINE PROPULSION. No. 385,182. Patented June 26. 1888.

Nrr'nn. 'STATES WALTER MARSH JACKSON, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

MARINE PROPULSION.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 385,182, dated .Tune26, 1888.

Application filed July 1G, 1857. Serial No. 244,519. (No model.)

To all whom, it may concern:

Beit known that I, WALTER MARsH J Acir- SON, of New York, in the countyof New York and State of New York, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Marine Propulsion; and I do hereby declarethe followingto be a full, clear, and exact description of theinvention,such as willenable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and usethe same. i

My invention relates to marine propulsion.

Application No. 221,770, tiled by me December 16, 1886, was for animproved method and apparatus by which vessels were driven at a highspeed and guided by t-he employment and proper control of a jet of waterforcibly ejected from parts of the vessel through the instrumentalityofthe expansive action of air in a receiver.`

The object of my present invention is to sev cure great velocity ofdischarged Water th rough the submerged propulsion and maneuveringoutlets, and at a higher pressure to the square inch than that exertedto the square inch against the steampistons, as indicated by thesteam-boiler.

A further object is to attain a still more complete control oi vesselsby providing a means for varying the direction ofthe discharge water iuany direction i'or propelling forward, backward, or submerging andemerging vessels to any position relative to the water-level.

A still further object is to provide a means for maintaining a regularsupply of water for the pumps, and means for discharging the air whichis liable to enter with the water from the bottom oi the vessel.

Vith these ends in view my invention consists in certain features ofconstruction and combinations of parts, as will be hereinafter fullydescribed,and pointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinalsection oi a vessel, showing my improved apparatus arranged inconvenient order. Fig. 2 is a view showing an arrangement of parts forproducing approximate results without thereceiver, a compound condensingpressure-pumping engine being employed in connection with the partsshown in Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a transverse section on line x x of Fig. 1.Fig. 4 is a section on line y y of Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is an elevation,partly in section, of the propelling and steering device. Fig. 6 is amodified form of propelling and steering device; and Fig. 7 is avertical longitudinal section of a submarine vessel, showing thearrangement of mechanism for submerging, emerging, turning, guiding,propelling, and backing the vessel.

A represents a vessel carrying pump B, a receiver, C, into which thewater is forced from the pump through pipes D, controlled by a suitablevalve, a, and engine ll] for operating the pump, and discharge pipes orconduits D, connected to thc receiver or directly to the pump or pumpsand leading to the dis` charge-orifices at the bow and stern, or otherpoints of the vessel. A Y

The pump B employed is preferably a compound double steam-piston pumphaving two steam-pistons of (say for convenience in recording) sixinches diameter, while the pumppistons, also twoin number, are twoinches in diameter, thus giving them together au area of 6.2832 squareinches, while the steam-pistons would together have an area. of 56.548square inches, or about nine times the area ofthe pump-pistons. Now,supposing a pressure ot' eighty pounds per square inch be exerted fromthe boiler upon these steainpistons alternately to even the flow ofpumped water, then the entire pressure on the steam-pistons (56.548square inches) would be 4523.84 pounds, while the pump-pistons, havingbut an area of 6.2832 square inches, would receive the entire pressureamounting to (719.98) nearly seven hundred and twenty pounds to thesquare inch,.so that if the submerged outlets were closed the waterwould be under this pressure, and when open, the orifices being soexceedingly small, the water-pressure upon them would be nearly thewhole seven hundred and twenty pounds to the square inchin other words,the difference between seven hundred and twenty pounds and the loss ofpressure caused by the escape through the submerged oriiices, accordingto their size and number. This pump can be employed for forcing thewater, without the intervention of a receiver, direct to thedischargc-orices, if desired, as it is obvious that the pressureobtained from the pump is sufficient; but owing to its liability toinjury from sudden shutting off of the discharged water and probable in-IOO equality of action a receiver may be employed to advantage or may bedispensed with altogether, as shown in Fig. 2,and the water driven fromthe pump directly to the submerged oriiices.

The view shown in Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section taken through thelarge and small steam-pistonsofalforthingtoncompound condensingpressurepnmping engine. This engine has steam-cylinders on each side forthe purpose of using the steam expansively. The steam, having exertedits initial boiler-pressure upon the piston of the smaller cylinder,

expands upon the larger during the returnstroke, operating to drive thepiston in the other direction. Economy of steam-power is thus attained,the difference in favor of the compound over the simple being aboutthirty per cent. Thus by employing the larger and smaller cylinderseconomy and increase of pressure over equalsized cylinders are alsoobtained in addition to that pressure, as formerly described, exerted bythe small size of the pump-pistons; or triple expansion steamcylindersand pistons may be employed, the steam `working upon the smallest first,upon the medium or lesser next, and upon the third or smallestlast-,before being finally exhausted. This compound use of steam is ineffect the same as the cutoff on a crank-engine, onlyin addition itpossesses the great advantage of uniform and steady action upon thewater.

When saving ot' fuel is desirable, the additional cost of the compoundengine would be nothing compared to a saving of one-third of the fuelover any simple direct-steam-acting pump on similar work. On largersizes for ocean steamers,and even private yachts, a condensing apparatusmay be added, thus securing additional economic results. As a compoundpump nses less steam than a simple direct, its boiler may be of lesssize, weight, and cost, thus fully covering its own character in thatrespect. Such a pumpproperly constructed will give a duty of one-horsepower witha consumption of'onc and three-quarters pound of coal perhour.

In close proximity to the pump the tank F is located, and into this tankthe pump suction-pipe F extends. The tank F preferably has aslightly-crowning top, b, with one or more stand-pipes, G, projectingvertically therefrom and forming continuations of the tank.k Directlybelow these stand-pipes,l or at other convenient points,the tank Fisprovided with inlet-ports H, preferably located on op posite sides ofthe keel H, through which water from below the ship is permitted torisein seeking its levelat point c in the standpipes. Valves VJ dependoverthe ports and have screwfthreaded vstems d, registering with thethreads or brackets e, and extending through the stand-pipes G, out ofwhich they preferably project and terminate in a handle, f. It is notnecessary that there should be two in let-ports and two stand-pipes andtwo valves. More might be employed, or even one wouldv pressure.

act with 4very good cll'ect, and one stem might operate both valves, orone valve might open and close the two ports. lThe valves J are simplyused to close the ports when the tank is being cleaned or repaired.Adjustable covers g at the top of each stand-pipe may be opened orclosed at will; but ordinarily they are left open to allow the air whichthe vessel in its course forces beneath her, and which, hugging herbottom, enters the ports, to be discharged through the stand-pipes.Another object of these pipes is to receive floating foreign bodies ofwhich it is desirable to free the water before it enters the pump, andstill another use of the pipe is to receive the stems of the valveswithout the necessity of using stuffing-boxes.

A partition, K, extends transversely across the tank to one side of theports, its upper edge projecting more or less half-way to the top of thetank. On the opposite side from the inlet-ports and below the top of thepartition the suction-pump pipes L have their nozzles, so that thesuction is notimade direct upon the water on enteripg the ports. By thisdisposition of parts, since the tank F is located below the vessel-loadline h., quite a column of water is continually pressing to enter thetankports, this column being always equal to the difference in heightbetween thel ports and the surface of the water, and, in eases ofanentirelysubmerged vessel," equal to the difference between the ports andvessels surface. lt is obvious from the arrangement that the tank isalways full of solid-and still water, lthe latter extending into thestandpipes to the'water-line, so that any amount of rolling and pitchingof the vessel can have no deleterious effect upon the water in thetanks; hence a constant pressure is maintained against the pumppistonsequal to the difference in height between theload-line and pistons, thushelping the pumps by utilizing all this extra Preferably at the bow, toback the vessel, as well as at the stern, to force it forward, apropeller and steerer is located. This device consists of a casing, M,having an enlarged outlet, i, and an inlet, j, to which the water isforced through pipe D' from the receiver, this pipe having a valve forcontrolling the discharge of water.

A plug, M", constructed to closely fit the casing and provided with apassage-way for the water, is seated in this casing, and can be rotatedat pleasure to change the direction of the issuing jet. The inletj inthe casing M is of sufiicient size that it will take in a full supply ofwater irrespective of the position of the valve while maneuvering thevessel. By thus turning the cone or plug M the vessel is guided ormanipulated. The plug M is pron vided with a stem, O, which extendsthrough ,the projected portion of the stern or bow, or through bracketsor along the front or rear edge of the vessel, if desired, and it may beoperated in the usual manner from the pilothouse. At its upper end thestem extends is compensated for by forcing them closely together. Asecond and larger cap, m, is adapted t to screw onto the boss m, thusholding the inner cap securely in place against accidentally work-ingoff the boss a.

In the modification shown in Fig. 6 the collar o is located betweenadjustable nuts P, so

Y that the cone `r plug M may be forced down or up by the turning of thenuts above or below the collar. The water after it leaves the pump canbe forced into the receiver, if desired, or the pump or pumps may beconnected directly with the conduits leading to the submerged outlets.

In Fig. 7 an elliptical-shaped submarine boat is shown, it having theusual water-compartments, and-a pump, B, a receiver C, it' desired,engine E, tank F, and connecting pipes and valves, as in Fig. l. In thisease the covers ot the stand-pipes are of course kept securely over the`top of the` stand-pipes, so that the water therein seeking its levelcould not become discharged inside the vessel, and

` when the vessel is submerged no air is forced under her and the coversmay remain closed. In this vessel propellers are located at thebow andstern, and also on the upper and lower surface of the vessel. Thelutter-mentioned propellers may be slightly modified, as anyconstruction ot' valves Q might be used, and other forms might be foundeven more desirable than the ones previously described for theseparticular places. Many more propellers might be employed-as, forexample, on the sides-as well as on the top and bottom and front andrear-and as all are connected to the receiver or pump by pipes it isplainly seen that the boat may be propelled through the water in anydirection--forward, backward, up,down,or sidewise, accordingly as theproper propellers are opened.

Not only are ships propelled in this manner particularly desirable forordinary traiic, but in time of war their use would be practicallyindispensable for the economy of construction of the operating mechanismas well as the small amount of fuel neeessar, and the proportionaterapidity of speed makes their contemplated value a certainty.

Slight changes in construction might be re` sorted to in the forthandarrangement of the several parts described without departing from thespirit and scope of my invention; hence I do not Wish to limit myself tothe particular construction herein set forth.

The receiver having constituted a salient feature of my formerinvention, No. 221,770, filed December 16, 1886, I now make no broadclaim to this element, nor do I claim in this case the methoddisclaimed, as the same forms the subject-matter ofpending case,No.259,953, filed by lne January 6, 1888.

Having fully described my invention,what I claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, isd

l. In an apparatus for propelling or maneuvering vessels, thecombination, with a steam-pump in which the steam-piston is of greaterarea than the pump-piston, of areeeiverconnected with the pump andadapted to contain air or other' elastic material and the pumped waterstored therein under dynamic compression, and submerged outlets (one ormore) in communication with said receiver, substantially as set forth.

2. In an apparatus for propelling or maneuvering vessels, thecombination, with steampistons of different areas and pump-pistonsconnected therewith, of a submerged Waterdischarge orifice, for thepurpose of propelling or maneuvering a vessel, substantially asset-forth.

3. The combination, with the differential pistons of a compound engineand a pumppiston ot' less area than the high-presen re piston of theengine, of a receiver adapted to contain air or other elastic material,in which the pumped wateris stored under dynamic compression, andsubmerged water-discharging orifices connected therewith, the lat-terbeing of less area than the pump-piston to create and maintain a greaterpressure to the square inch at the submerged outlets than the initialboiler-pressure, for the purpose of propelling or maneuvering a vessel,substantially as set forth.

ICO

4. lnapparatus for propelling or lnaneuvering a vessel, the combination,with a Waterforcing device'and a submerged discharge-oritice connectedtherewith, an adjustable discharge-plug` and a pipe leading from theWater-forcing device to the discharge-plug, of a water-supply tankhaving submerged inletports and a pipe connecting the supply-tank andwater-forcing device, substantially as set fort-h.

5. In apparatusfor propelling ormaneuvering a vessel, the combination,with a waterforcing device and a submerged discharge, of a water-supplytank having submerged inletports and an air and water separatingchamber, and a suction-pipel leading from the tank tothe water forcingdevice, substantially as set forth.

6. In apparatus for propelling or maneuvering a vessel, the combination,with a. waterforcing-device, a submerged discharge, and a pipeconnecting the water-forcing device and submerged discharge, of aehambered watersupply tank having submerged inlet-ports, valves forcontrolling the ports, elevated airreceiving and discharge stand-pipes,and a suction-pipeleading from one chamber of the tank to thewaterforcing device, substantially as set forth.

IIS

7. In apparatus for propelling or maneuver- `ing a vessel, thecombination, with a waterreceiver containing air or other elastic mediumand a forcing device for supplying said receiver with water, of awater-supply tank,

the latter having submerged inlet-ports, a pipe connecting thesupply-tank and water-forcing device, and submerged water-discharge pipeor pipes leading from the receiver, substantially as set forth.

8.' In apparatus for propelling or maneuvering a vessel, thecombination, with a waterreceiver containing air or other elastic mediumand a forcing device for supplying saidy receiver, of a water-supplytank having submerged inlet-ports and an air-receiving chamber, a pipeconnecting the supply-tank and water-forcing device, and submergedwat-erdischarge oritice or orifices leading from the water-receiver,substantially as set forth.

9. In apparatus for propelling or maneuvering a vessel, the combination,with a waterreceiver containing air or other elastic medium and aforcing device for supplying water to said receiver, of a water-supplytank having submerged water-inlet ports, a pipe connecting thesupply-tank and water-forcing device, valves for controlling the portsin said submerged inletports, air-receiving standpipes leading upwardlyfrom the water-supply tank, covers for said stand, and submergedwater-discharge oritiee'or orifices leading from the water-receiver,substantially as set forth.

10. In apparatus forpropellingor maneuvering a vessel, the combination,with a wat-crreceiver containing air or other elastic medium and aforcing device for supplying said.

receiver, of a water-supply tank having submerged inlet-ports, valvesfor controlling the ports, and a partition extending transversely of thetank, pipes connecting the water-forcing device and supply-tank, theends of the pipe within the tank being below the topof the partition onthe opposite side from the inlet-ports, and submerged water-dischargeorice or orifices leading from the receiver, substantially as set forth.

11. In apparatus for propelling and maneuvering a vessel, thecombination, .with a water and air receiving tank having water-inletports and air-chamber, of a water-forcing de- 15. A propelling andmaneuvering device for vessels, consisting of a pump, a dischargepipeleading therefrom, and a movable discharge-plug located at the end ofthe discharge-pipe,substantially as set forth'.

,16. A propelling and maneuvering device for vessels, consisting,essentially, of a fixed discharge hollow casing having inlet andoutletpassages located in or approximately in the same plane, and a perforatedplug located in the hollow casing and adapted to be turned therein tovary the direction of the discharged jet of water, substantially as setforth.

17. A. propelling and maneuvering device consisting, essentially, of afixed casing hav; ing a water inlet and outlet located in orapproximately in the same plane, a plug having an orifice thereinadapted to enter said casing, and a lock for locking the plug securelyin the casing, substantially as set forth.

18. A propelling and maneuvering device consisting, essentially, of afixed casing having water inlet and outlet forthe free passage of watertherein, a stem having a perforated plug on its lower end adapted toenter and turn in the fixed casing, said stem having a collar thereon,and the movable caps at its uppermost end for locking the collar rigidlyin place, substantially asset forth.

19. In a vessel, the combination, with a water-forcing device, ofsubmerged dischargeoutlets for elevating the vesselto the surface ofthewater, and pipes connecting the outlets with the water-forcing device,Vsubstantially as set forth.

20. In a vessel, the combination, with a \va ter-forcing device, ofdischarge-outlets at one or both ends of the boat, which direct thedischarged water upwardly,and pipes connecting the outlets with thewater-forcing device, substantially as set forth. p

21. In a vessel, the combination, with a water-forcing device andsubmerged outlets at the stern for propelling the vessel, of the doubledischarge-outlets for directing the discharged water up or down, andpipes connecting the water-forcing device with the several out-lets,substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification in the presence oftwo subscribing witnesses.

VALTER MARSH JACKSON.

Witnesse:

Guo. S. GADEN, Guo. M WARDWELL.

IOO

